{"id":35344,"date":"2022-08-26T08:42:31","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T06:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/?p=35344"},"modified":"2026-11-03T17:12:00","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T16:12:00","slug":"carbohydrates-complete-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/carbohydrates-complete-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Everything you need to know about carbohydrates"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carbohydrates <\/span><b>are a macronutrient<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> many people love and others fear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why the poor reputation? Are they really as bad as people say? Let&#8217;s explore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are carbohydrates?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First, are <\/span><b>carbs and carbohydrates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the same thing?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yes. These names refer to the same macronutrient, made from <\/span><b>carbon, hydrogen and oxygen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Metabolising these compounds supplies <\/span><b>energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and produces carbon dioxide and water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><strong>What do carbohydrates do?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Their main role is supplying <\/span><b>energy or fuel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for bodily functions. They provide readily usable energy: <\/span><b>glucose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is metabolised to generate <\/span><b>ATP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> through pathways including <\/span><b>glycolysis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Cells use this <\/span><b>ATP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the <\/span><b>energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> they need.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Glucose <\/span><b>is also<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a major <\/span><b>energy source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the <\/span><b>brain<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That helps explain why <\/span><b>removing carbohydrates entirely<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> because of a fashionable TikTok is not a sound starting point.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29051 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidratos-carbono-pasta-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Different carbohydrate sources on a table\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What types of carbohydrate are there?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You may have heard that not all <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/are-all-carbohydrates-good\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">carbohydrates are good.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rather than labelling them good or bad, consider which type suits a particular time and purpose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we often say, <\/span><b>nutrition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> does <\/span><b>not have a single answer for everyone<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: too many individual factors are involved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We can explain the differences between <\/span><b>simple carbohydrates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>complex carbohydrates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> without assigning moral labels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Simple carbohydrates<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are<\/span><b> smaller molecules<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that can supply <\/span><b>energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> readily, which may be useful <\/span><b>just before training<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Monosaccharides<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Examples are <\/span><b>glucose, fructose and dextrose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. These small sugars cannot be hydrolysed into smaller carbohydrate units and can provide a <\/span><b>rapid energy source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Disaccharides<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These consist of<\/span><b> two joined monosaccharides<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which can be separated by hydrolysis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, <\/span><b>lactose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> combines <\/span><b>glucose and galactose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. To use it, the body separates these units with the enzyme<\/span><b> lactase<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This group also includes <\/span><b>maltose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>sucrose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, or table sugar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you have little digestion time before exercise, readily available sugars can be useful. During <\/span><b>long sessions or competitions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><b>glucose tablets or gels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can help maintain carbohydrate supply.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29052 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidratos-carbono-deportistas-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Athletes trail running\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Complex carbohydrates<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These contain<\/span><b> longer chains of three or more sugars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> connected by <\/span><b>bonds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> called <\/span><b>glycosidic bonds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Larger <\/span><b>molecules<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> require digestion, which can make <\/span><b>energy release slower<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Oligosaccharides<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chains of <\/span><b>several monosaccharides<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, found in vegetables and some fruit, including bananas.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Polysaccharides:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chains of <\/span><b>10 or more monosaccharides<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including carbohydrates in oats and other wholegrains.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Digestible complex carbohydrates must be <\/span><b>broken down to release glucose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This can take <\/span><b>more time<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, helping provide <\/span><b>energy over a longer period<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Glucose not immediately used for energy can be stored in the liver and muscles as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/carbohydrates-sugars-glucose-glycogen\/\"><b>glycogen<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><strong>What is fibre?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dietary<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/fibre-sporting-performance\/\"><b> fibre<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> includes non-digestible carbohydrates and lignin. Human digestive enzymes cannot break it down in the same way as digestible starch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is all fibre the same?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No, <em>my friend<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two broad types are:<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Soluble fibre:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It can feed gut bacteria and <\/span><b>slow gastric emptying<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by attracting water and forming a gel. Sources include fruit, nuts, pulses and seaweed.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Insoluble fibre:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It retains fluid, <\/span><b>increases stool bulk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and supports <\/span><b>bowel movements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Sources include wholegrains, vegetables and pulses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29053 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidratos-carbono-verduras-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Vegetables on supermarket shelves\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Foods containing carbohydrates<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Want to add more carbohydrate to your diet?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simple <\/span><b>sugars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> occur in <\/span><b>fruit, milk and processed foods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> containing added sugar. The latter are generally less useful as everyday staples.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Complex <\/span><b>carbohydrates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> occur in wholegrains and grain-like foods such as <\/span><b>brown rice, quinoa and buckwheat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, as well as <\/span><b>pulses and vegetables<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carbohydrates in an athlete&#8217;s diet<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you are an <\/span><b>athlete<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, you probably know that <\/span><b>carbohydrate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> plays an<\/span><b> important role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in your diet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exercise increases <\/span><b>energy expenditure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><b>carbohydrate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a useful fuel, alongside adequate <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/protein-functions-guide\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">protein<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/dietary-fats-guide\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fat<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For a <\/span><b>pre-workout meal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shortly before exercise, <\/span><b>simple carbohydrates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can be useful when<\/span><b> digestion time is limited<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. If there are <\/span><b>several hours<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> before training, <\/span><b>complex carbohydrate sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> may help maintain <\/span><b>blood glucose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and provide <\/span><b>more sustained energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are carbohydrates only useful before training?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No. They are also part of a good r<\/span><b>ecovery meal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, helping<\/span><b> replenish glycogen stores<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> used during exercise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29050 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hidratos-carbono-surf-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Person surfing\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unsure how to <\/span><b>organise carbohydrate intake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">? Explore our<\/span><b> subscription plans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and get advice from a <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/\">sports nutritionist<\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our sports nutritionists explain what carbohydrates are and why they belong in your diet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":18079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nutrition"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35344"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35659,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35344\/revisions\/35659"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}