{"id":35304,"date":"2022-11-03T11:44:02","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T10:44:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/?p=35304"},"modified":"2026-11-03T17:30:19","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T16:30:19","slug":"what-are-micronutrients","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/what-are-micronutrients\/","title":{"rendered":"What are micronutrients?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You have probably heard about <\/span><b>micronutrients<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and their important role in the body. But what is a <\/span><b>micronutrient<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and what does it do?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here are the answers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are micronutrients and how are they classified?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Micronutrients <\/span><b>are<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> <\/span><b>essential substances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> involved in numerous <\/span><b>physiological processes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. We need to obtain them through<\/span><b> food<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> because, with a few exceptions, the body cannot make enough of them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although required in<\/span><b> very small quantities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, hence the name, they must be supplied in appropriate amounts. An <\/span><b>excess or deficiency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can <\/span><b>negatively affect the body<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This matters particularly for <\/span><b>athletes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, whose needs can increase. Inadequate intake may raise the risk of <\/span><b>injury<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or certain <\/span><b>illnesses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29139 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/micronutrientes-deportista-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Athlete climbing a mountain\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let&#8217;s explore the main micronutrient groups and some related dietary compounds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Vitamins<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vitamins are <\/span><b>substances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> needed in <\/span><b>specific amounts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for normal <\/span><b>function and growth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are 2 main groups of vitamins:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fat-soluble vitamins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are <\/span><b>A, D, E and K<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. They occur in <\/span><b>fat tissue<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the <\/span><b>liver<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>muscles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. They are <\/span><b>absorbed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> alongside <\/span><b>dietary fat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and can be stored in the body, with excessive intake potentially causing <\/span><b>hypervitaminosis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water-soluble vitamins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> include <\/span><b>vitamin C<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the <\/span><b>B vitamins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Many <\/span><b>are not stored in large quantities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and excess amounts can be <\/span><b>excreted in urine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><b>Vitamin B12<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an exception: stores in<\/span><b> body tissues, particularly the liver<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, can support needs for years without implying <\/span><b>excessive intak<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">e.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>13 essential vitamins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vitamin B1 (thiamin)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin B3 (niacin)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin B8 (biotin)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin B9 (folic acid)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin A (retinol)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin D<\/b> <b>(cholecalciferol)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin E<\/b> <b>(tocopherol)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29140 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/micronutrientes-vitaminas-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Orange, a source of vitamins\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Minerals<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Minerals <\/span><b>are essential<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for<\/span><b> normal bodily function<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including the f<\/span><b>ormation of tissues such as bone<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and participation in <\/span><b>biochemical reactions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key minerals include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Calcium<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/iron-oxygen-sporting-performance\/\"><b>Iron<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/magnesium-importance-athletes\/\"><b>Magnesium<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Zinc<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sodium<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Potassium<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Phosphorus<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Selenium<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Minerals can also be divided into:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Major minerals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including <\/span><b>calcium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, chloride and sulphur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, needed in <\/span><b>larger amounts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Trace elements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including <\/span><b>iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, copper, iodine, cobalt and fluoride<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, needed in <\/span><b>smaller amounts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This does not make them less relevant to <\/span><b>normal bodily function<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29141 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/micronutrientes-calcio-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Glass of milk containing calcium and other micronutrients\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Polyphenols, flavonoids and carotenoids<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Polyphenols <\/span><b>and flavonoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> occur in <\/span><b>purple-coloured plant foods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including<\/span><b> berries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This highlights the value of a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/importance-varied-diet\/\"><b>varied<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><b>balanced diet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: eating different colours helps provide a range of <\/span><b>micronutrients and plant compounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> through <\/span><b>food<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Polyphenols <\/span><b>and flavonoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can act as <\/span><b>antioxidants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. These <\/span><b>antioxidants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> may help reduce <\/span><b>muscle damage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after exercise, support <\/span><b>recovery<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and contribute to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/nutrition-reduce-injury-risk\/\"><b>injury prevention<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some <\/span><b>carotenoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are <\/span><b>vitamin A precursors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. They occur in v<\/span><b>egetables with orange or red colours<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, such as <\/span><b>carrots<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, rich in <\/span><b>beta-carotene<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><b>tomatoes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, rich in<\/span><b> lycopene<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><b>Carotenoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also have an<\/span><b> antioxidant role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whether to <\/span><b>take antioxidant supplements after training<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> depends on your goals. If seeking <\/span><b>training adaptations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, routinely taking high-dose <\/span><b>antioxidant supplements immediately afterwards may be unhelpful<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. If the aim is to <\/span><b>recover quickly for another session<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, discuss whether <\/span><b>post-workout antioxidant supplementation is appropriate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with your nutritionist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29142 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/micronutrientes-running-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Athlete running up stairs\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Macronutrients versus micronutrients<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now we know <\/span><b>what micronutrients are<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, let&#8217;s distinguish them from <\/span><b>macronutrients<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nutrients can be classified by the amounts we need:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><strong>Macronutrients<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are <\/span><b>carbohydrates, protein and fats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. We need them in <\/span><b>large amounts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and they supply energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><strong>Micronutrients<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are <\/span><b>vitamins and minerals, alongside dietary compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols and carotenoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. They are needed or consumed in <\/span><b>small amounts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and do not provide energy in the way macronutrients do.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can too many vitamins be harmful?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vitamins support normal function, but what happens if you take <\/span><b>too much<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vitamin and mineral <\/span><b>supplements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can improve nutritional status when a<\/span><b> deficiency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> exists. However, amounts above requirements have not been shown to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/improve-sports-performance-fitness\/\"><b>improve sporting performance<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> generally.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Athletes <\/span><b>may have<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> higher requirements for <\/span><b>some vitamins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, such as<\/span><b> vitamin C, riboflavin, pyridoxine and vitamins A and E<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. A personalised diet with appropriate carbohydrate, protein and fat can generally meet these needs. Particular situations may require supplements, including <\/span><b>vitamin D<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> when sunlight exposure is inadequate and<\/span><b> vitamin B12<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for vegan athletes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29143 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/micronutrientes-suplementos-1280x640.jpg\" alt=\"Vitamin supplements for micronutrient deficiency\" width=\"1280\" height=\"640\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Putting it together<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That is a lot of information. A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/getindya.com\/\"><b>sports nutritionist<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can assess your <\/span><b>micronutrient needs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in relation to your <\/span><b>physical activity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and design a <\/span><b>nutrition plan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to meet them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unsure where to start? Explore our <\/span><b>subscription options<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are micronutrients, and why does your body need them? Find the answers here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":15830,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nutrition"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35304"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35839,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35304\/revisions\/35839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/getindya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}